The acanthus and bladderwort families also have figwortlike flowers. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, includes some 65 genera and 1,800 species. This was a magnificent family with fairly intuitive patterns for identification, but most figwort genera have been reclassified according to genetic evidence into the closely related plantain, lopseed, and broomrape families. The plant list contains a working list of plants of the world. Onion, garlic, leek, shallots, and chives are all produced by plants in this family. The family name is based on the name of the included genus scrophularia. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family of flowering plants, one of 26 in the order lamiales, containing about 65 genera and 1,700 species with worldwide distribution. Scrophulariaceae synonyms, scrophulariaceae pronunciation, scrophulariaceae translation, english dictionary definition of scrophulariaceae. Species of scrophulariaceae contained within the plant list belong to 87 plant genera. The plant list includes 4,883 scientific plant names of species rank for the family scrophulariaceae. Others are fourlobed, with the upper lobe large and the lower lobe small. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information.
This is a large plant family, with around 3000 species in around 200 genera, mainly found in the northern temperate regions of the world. Morphological studies on seeds of scrophulariaceae s. Scrophulariaceae plantaginaceae orobanchaceae phrymaceae many prominent genera to the morphological characteristics that distinguish these families from each other and place certain genera within one family, rather than another can be subtle, difficult to detect. The species included are grouped into 16167 genera, 620 families and 4 major groups. Seeds of 41 taxa corresponding to genera of the family were carefully investigated.
Scrophulariaceae definition is a widely distributed family of herbs, shrubs, or rarely trees order polemoniales having exstipulate leaves, a more or less irregular bilabiate corolla with four didynamous stamens, and a 2celled ovary. Scrophulariaceae is a cosmopolitan family with 210 genera and 3,000 species. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected. Scrophulariaceae article about scrophulariaceae by the. Scrophulariaceae a family of dicotyledonous plants. Widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of the old world. Our next episode in the month of august would cover family scrophulariaceae in the classical sense including members which are now mostly placed under plantaginaceae.
Family scrophulariaceae figwort family bridges to the future program. Use the browse function to explore the taxonomic hierarchy embedded within the plant list. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Ranunculaceae, or the buttercup family, is the largest family in the order, with 52 genera and around 1,500 species. Within the plant order lamiales, the figwort family has recently been slimmed down drastically as molecular studies dna analysis have shown many of the genera previously placed in the scrophs to be polyphylletic not closely related in evolutionary terms. Scrophulariaceae definition of scrophulariaceae by.
The scrophulariaceae are mostly herbs or sometimes small shrubs comprising about 190 genera and 4,000 predominately temperate species, including many which are partial root parasites see castilleja below and pedicularis and a few that are without chlorophyll and are wholly parasitic. The plants of the scrophulariaceae and verbenaceae families that have been evaluated are fairly responsive to pgrs. Hallier included the asclepiadaceae with the apocynaceae and derived them from the linaceae. Comprehensive summaries of uppsala dissertations from the faculty of science and technology 489. A tribe of the scrophulariaceae edinburgh university press. Lamiaceae mint family scrophulariaceae figwort family.
In older classifications it used to be the only family of the order plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the angiosperm phylogeny group, have demonstrated that this. Bessey accepted the two families as distinct and treated both in his gentianales. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Flowers have bilateral zygomorphic or rarely radial actinomorphic symmetry. Most of them are herbaceous, with a few shrubs and climbers, with one genus of trees paulownia. Molecular evidence for naturalness of genera in the tribe. Scrophulariaceae and the elucidation of the absolute configuration of c 8 of mussaenoside, helv. For a long time, the family scrophulariaceae has been an undisputed dicot family of about 270 genera and 5,100 species mabberley 1997, despite it is characterized by a great morphological diversity in life forms.
The figwort family got gutted in the taxononic name game. A survey of surface characteristics of seeds of scrophulariaceae and orobanchaceae using sem. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as one genus. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering plants, with around 3000 species in around 200 genera, mainly found in the northern temperate regions of the world. The plant is used as a bitter tonic in traditional medicine and hence commonly known as kutki. This study employed scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to observe seed surface micromorphology and seed coat anatomy in the scrophulariaceae s. Seeds of 12 species of veronica from southwest spain were examined with the scanning electron microscope and stereomicroscope. This family scrophulariaceae is undoubtedly very much allied to solanaceae but is separated by zygomorphic corolla, reduction in number of stamens and medianly placed carpels. Scrophulariaceae simple english wikipedia, the free. The leaves are alternate, opposite, or sometimes whorled, and are simple to pinnately. They are a northern temperate component of the sonoran desert flora. The snapdragon family is important horticulturally, especially for dry gardens the family as it was once defined, was widespread in california and the west, the mediterranean basin, and in south africa the family has flowers resembling such relatives as the acanthaceae acanth family, bignoniaceae trumpet vine family.
Flowers have five petals in a tube like a potato flower. It includes 220 genera and 3000 species which are distributed. Scrophulariaceae, a small perennial herb, is found in himalayas from kashmir to sikkim at an altitude of 27004500 m. Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family of flowering plants, one of 26 in the order lamiales, containing about 65 genera and 1,700 species with worldwide. The family name is based on the name of the included genus scrophularia wikispecies has information on. Myoporaceae apni buddlejaceae apni selaginaceae apni description. A large family of dicotyledonous plants in the order scrophulariales, characterized by a usually herbaceous habit, irregular flowers, axile placentation. Scrophulariaceae definition of scrophulariaceae by merriam.
Here, we will look at the currently known responses of perennial plants from these families to plant growth regulators pgrs, using information from our own research or other published sources. Many of these genera were formerly included in the family scrophulariaceae sensu lato. Simply due to the size of the families and number of species evaluated, we would not suggest any rate recommendations based on family relationships. Salicaceae the willow and poplar family 55 genera 1,200 species distribution. Some of them are semiparasitic hay rattle, lousewort. Though the scrophulariaceae and verbenaceae family names may not sound too familiar, youve most certainly grown some member species. It contains no crop plants of great economic importance but is notable for many ornamental garden plants, such as butterfly bush. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. The plants are primarily herbs or subshrubs sometimes. Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family of mostly parasitic plants of the order lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species.
Flowers irregular, some, with a spur at the base, resemble those of a snapdragon. Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a family of flowering plants in the order lamiales. Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies in the tribe antirrhineae scrophulariaceae with special reference to the genera kickxia nad nanorrhinum. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Request pdf scrophulariaceae plants annual, biennial or perennial. The scrophulariaceae family shows a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is characterized by bisexual flowers with tubular corollas fused petals that are bilaterally symmetrical twolipped and have four stamens in most, two of which are usually shorter than the other two. Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. Many are hemiparasitic green and photosynthetic but parasitize roots of other plants these closely related to orobanchaceae of holoparasites. It is a very effective hepatoprotective plant and also possesses antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant actions. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Phylogenetic positions of two genera in the family. Scrophulariaceae article about scrophulariaceae by the free.
It is also related to lamiaceae and acanthaceae but differs from them due to alternate phyllotaxy, form of corolla, nature of ovary and characters of fruits. Afassirno bigazzi, dipartirnento biologia vegetale, laboraiorio di citologia ed etnbriologia vegetale, utiiversitci di fireme, 50121 firerire, italy. Information on scrophulariaceae or figwort family including description, biology, taxonomy, and uses. The plants database includes the following 17 species of scrophularia. Widespread, from tropical to north temperate and boreal regions. Scrophulariaceae xuan shen ke hong deyuan 1, yang hanbi 2, jin cunli 3.
Scrophulariaceae a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order polemoniales. While the order is significantly more heterogeneous than it was under the cronquist classification system, the expanded lamiales of the apg iii system is supported by. Scrophulariaceae figwort family southeastern arizona. The scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family.
About the classification report about the classification download. Scrophulariaceae definition of scrophulariaceae by the. Pdf a molecular systematic study of scrophulariaceae sensu lato using dna sequences of three. A list of all accepted names in scrophulariaceae is available in csv format. Herbs, rarely shrubs or climbers, sometimes semiparasitic, glabrous or hairy, often with minute sessile glands. The family apocynaceae is closely related to asclepiadaceae and has been placed with it by taxonomists. Most species in the family are herbs, some are aquatic, and a few are low shrubs or vines clematis. Leaves alternate, opposite or whorled or clustered, simple, stipules absent. Family tends to be the highest taxonomic level at which characters useful to genus and species identification are.
The figwort family is a very large group of plants with a lot of questions still unanswered regarding its family structure which plants are. Distribuemse as escrofulariaceas em 200 generos e 3. Scrophulariaceae gallery, figwort family of wildflowers. Allium is of great economic importance and several species are widely cultivated. From illustrations and the original description, the species is. Together they are a monophyletic group, forming a distinct family. Scrophulariaceae from southwest spain, botanical journal of the linnean society, volume 115, issue 2, june 1994.
Montana field guide contains a wealth of information about montanas diverse species. This family numbers 4500 species worldwide and includes snapdragons, penstemons, monkeyflowers, owl clover, and texas ranger. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as one genus of shrubs. Based on seed shape, colour, cell shape and surface ornamentation, seven morphological types are recognized. Classification for kingdom plantae down to family scrophulariaceae. The wood of species in this family is fast growing but usually of poor quality as timber and so is often used for making smaller objects. Pdf disintegration of the scrophulariaceae researchgate.
323 905 60 852 825 362 155 1 659 1483 856 272 695 1332 260 522 22 1559 1356 1565 884 1107 404 519 262 333 727 1468 1167 1355 1111 443 601 1366 617 1141 796 1357 36